
Why People Avoid Certain Topics: Silence, Stigma and Social Norms
Why people avoid certain topics depends on privacy, stigma, power and social risk. See how silence can shape norms and make disagreement harder to detect.

Why people avoid certain topics depends on privacy, stigma, power and social risk. See how silence can shape norms and make disagreement harder to detect.

Social norms are unwritten expectations about what people do and approve of. Learn how they shape behaviour, conformity, cooperation and social change.

Social conformity shapes judgments and behaviour through information, belonging and group norms. Learn when agreement helps—and when it hides doubt.

The bystander effect can make individuals less likely to help, but crowds are not always passive. Learn how responsibility and uncertainty shape action.

Why do people help others? Empathy matters, but reciprocity, identity, social norms, reputation, costs and circumstances also shape helping.

A festival does something unusual: it places large numbers of people in the same time, space and emotional rhythm. Research on collective rituals helps explain why these experienc…