Environmental activism uses protest, research, litigation, monitoring and civic participation to influence environmental decisions, institutions and public policy.
The Kyoto Protocol created binding emissions targets, carbon markets and compliance rules that shaped the global climate system before Paris.
Environmental regulation uses standards, permits, monitoring and enforcement to turn environmental goals into legal duties and measurable outcomes.
Ozone layer recovery is underway as harmful chemicals decline, but the Antarctic ozone hole remains large and full recovery will take decades.
